John Calvin (1509–64) was one of the most significant figures in the history of the West. He was among the major Protestant Reformers in the sixteenth century. He contributed significantly to the Reformed wing of the Reformation. He was an industrious Bible commentators (50 vols). His correspondence fills volumes. He is most famous for his introductory handbook to Christian theology, the Institutes of the Christian Religion, first published in 1536 and revised continually, in Latin and French editions, until the early 1560s. He was, however, also a preacher and a pastor. Early in his ministry, when his health permitted, he preached not only twice on Sundays but several times during the week. He also taught what we would call a weekly Bible study, catechized the youth, and attended meetings with other pastors and elders. He had a controversial career in Geneva. After being compelled to stay in Geneva in 1536 by Guillaume Farel (1489–1565), he was exiled in 1538 after seeking to move control of church discipline away from the the city council and place it under the control of the pastors and elders (consistory). In 1541, however, Geneva recalled him from Strasbourg, where he happily and quietly served a French-language congregation. He spent the rest of his life and ministry in Geneva, receiving refugees from across the British Isles and Europe, preaching the law and the gospel, teaching, counseling the troubled, advising churches across Europe and the British Isles, and writing. Tragically, for many, he is only known for the Servetus affair, in which he played an important but not decisive role. In the sixteenth century it was illegal and a capital crime in Europe and the British Isles to advocate religious heresy (e.g., publicly denying the Trinity, as Servetus did and for which he was jailed before Geneva). In those cases it was the civil magistrate, in Geneva as in most other places, who prosecuted, convicted, and executed the death penalty upon heretics. The attention paid to Calvin (while ignoring all the other similar cases, in other places) over Servetus is no more than an attempt to smear his reputation, something that began in a hostile biography written during his life.
Table Of Contents
Select Bibliography
- Balke, W. Calvin and the Anabaptist Radicals. Trans. W. J. Heynen. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1981.
- Clark. R. Scott. “‘Subtle Sacramentarian’ or Son? John Calvin’s Relationship to Martin Luther” Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 21.4 (2018): 35–60.
- Clark, R. Scott. “Calvin’s Principle of Worship,” in ed. David Hall, Tributes to John Calvin: A Celebration of his Quincentenary (Phillipsburg: P&R Publishing, 2010), 247–69.
- Clark, R. Scott. “Calvin as Negative Boundary Marker in American Lutheran Self-Identity 1871–1934” in Johan de Niet, Herman Paul, and Bart Wallet, ed., Sober, Strict, and Scriptural: Collective Memories of John Calvin, 1800–2000 (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 245–66.
- Clark, R. Scott. “Election and Predestination: Sovereign Expressions of God,” in David Hall and Peter Lillback, ed. A Theological Guide to Calvin’s Institutes: Essays and Analysis (Phillipsburg: P&R Publishing, 2008), 90–122
- Clark, R. Scott Clark. “Calvin and the Lex Naturalis,” Stulos Theological Journal 6 (1998): 1–22.
- DeGreef. W. The Writings of John Calvin (expanded)
- Ellis, Brannon. Calvin, Classical Trinitarianism and the Aseity of the Son. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
- Eire, Carlos M. N. War Against the Idols: The Reformation of Worship From Erasmus to Calvin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
- Ganoczy, Alexandre. The Young Calvin. Trans. David Foxgrover and Wade Provo. Edinburgh: T & T Clark Ltd., 1987.
- Godfrey, W. Robert. John Calvin: Pilgrim and Pastor. Wheaton, Ill.: Crossway Books, 2009.
- Gordon, Bruce. Calvin. New Haven Conn.: Yale University Press, 2009.
- Gordon, Bruce, and Carl R. Trueman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Calvin and Calvinism, Oxford Handbooks(2021; online edn, Oxford Academic, 14 July 2021).
- Kuiper, Herman. Calvin on Common Grace. 1928: Smitter Book Co, 1928.
- Manetsch, Scott M. Calvin’s Company of Pastors: Pastoral Care and the Emerging Reformed Church, 1536-1609. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
- Monter, E. William. Calvin’s Geneva. New York: Wiley, 1967.
- Muller, Richard A. The Unaccommodated Calvin
- Muller, Richard A. Calvin and the Reformed Tradition
- Muller, Richard A. The Unaccommodated Calvin : Studies in the Foundation of a Theological Tradition. Oxford Studies in Historical Theology. New York: Oxford University, 2000.
- Muller, Richard A. Christ and the Decree: Christology and Predestination in Reformed Theology From Calvin to Perkins. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1986.
- Parker, T. H. L. John Calvin: A Biography
- Quistorp, Heinrich. Calvin’s Doctrine of the Last Things. Translated by Harold Knight. London: Lutterworth Press, 1955.
- Selderhuis, Herman J., ed. The Calvin Handbook Grand Rapids: Eerdman, 2009.
- Selderhuis, Herman J. Calvin’s Theology of the Psalms. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007.
- Steinmetz, David C. Calvin in Context. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
- Warfield, B. B. Calvin and Calvinism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1931.
- Wendel, François. Calvin: The Origins and Development of His Religious Thought. Trans. Philip Mairet. The Fontana Library, 1054 L. London: William Collins, Sons, 1965.
- Willis, E. David. Calvin’s Catholic Christology: The Function of the So-Called Extra Calvinisticum in Calvin’s Theology. E. J. Brill, 1966.
Popular Essays
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Calvin Quotations On Various Topics
- Calvin: Sinners Are Justified Only By Free Acceptance Is The Forgiveness Of Sins And The Imputation Of Christ’s Righteousness
- Calvin: The Whole Doctrine Of Godliness Rests Upon The Doctrine Of Salvation Through Free Grace
- Calvin: Circumcision Was Spiritual And Substantially Identical To Baptism
- Calvin: Sinners Are Justified Only By Free Acceptance Is The Forgiveness Of Sins And The Imputation Of Christ’s Righteousness
- Calvin: We Need To Distinguish Between The Internal And The External Relation To The Covenant Of Grace
- More From Calvin On The Unity Of The Covenant Of Grace
- More From Calvin on the Three Uses of the Law
- Calvin On The Unity Of The Covenant Of Grace
- Calvin Rejected Theonomy In Favor Of Natural Law
- Calvin: Musical Instruments Were Intended Only For God’s Ancient People
- Calvin: Christians Should Not Fear That God Is Continually Offended By The Remnant Of Sin
- Calvin: The Abrahamic Covenant Was Spiritual, Not Earthly
- Calvin: The Judgment Is Good News For Believers
- Calvin: Paul Distinguishes Between Law And Gospel
- Calvin: Psalm 88 Is A Form Of Prayer For The Afflicted
- Calvin: It Is Not Faith That Is Imputed To Us But Christ’s Righteousness
- Calvin: Paul Excludes All Works, Even Those Wrought By The Spirit
- Calvin: The True Rule Of Righteousness Is Sought Sola Scriptura
- Calvin: God Gives Us Ministers So As Not To Swallow Us By His Majesty
- Calvin: Pure And Real Religion Follows The Rule Of Worship
- Calvin: Leviticus 18:5 Is Law Not Gospel
- Calvin: God’s Twofold Government Contra Over-Realized Eschatology
- Calvin: The Rule Of Worship Necessitated The Reformation
- Calvin: The Pure Gospel Is Unadorned
- Calvin: Jesus Preached The Law To Teach Us Our Need For A Savior
- Calvin: Adam Was In A Trial Of Obedience
- Calvin: Do Christians And Muslims Worship The Same God?
- Calvin: Assurance Fills Our Sails
- Calvin: The Land Promise Was For Israel
- Calvin: Implicit Faith Is Inescapable
- Calvin: A Sacrament Is An Outward Sign And Seal Of God’s Promises
- Calvin: The Fifth Commandment Applies Narrowly And Broadly
- Calvin: The Lutherans Belong To The Church And We Are Their Members
- Calvin: What The Law Requires, The Gospel Gives Freely
- Calvin: Diligently To Inquire What Worship God Approves
- Calvin: We Sing Psalms In Public Worship
- Calvin: The Offer Is Common But Faith Is Not
- Calvin: The Unmerited Love Of God Is The Source Of Our Salvation
- Calvin: People Have Never Liked The Regulative Principle
- Calvin: Reformed Churches and Ministry Founded on Luther
- Calvin: God’s Accommodation No License For Images
- Calvin: Who Is Faithful To The Church Fathers?
- Calvin: Rome Is A Bird With Borrowed Feathers
- Calvin: Resolutely Adhere To The Exclusive Particle
- Calvin: The Promise Of Grace Without Any Mention Of The Law
- Calvin: There Are Two Parts In Christianity
- Calvin: Instruments In Public Worship Is The Restoration of Shadows
- Calvin: God’s Twofold Government Contra Over-Realized Eschatology
- Calvin: God Works Effectually Where the Spirit Illuminates the Heart
- Calvin On Abortion
- Calvin On Thanksgiving
- Calvin On Jesus’ Stance Toward Civil Government
- Calvin On Salvation By Grace Alone Through Faith Alone
- Calvin On Luke 2:10–God Invites All Indiscriminately
- Calvin On The Threefold Distinction In The Law And The Abrogation Of The Mosaic Civil Laws
- Calvin On The Discovery Of The Empty Tomb
- Calvin’s First Reformation Priority: Worship Sola Scriptura
- Calvin On Colossians 2:20: Reject Encroachments Upon Christian Liberty
- Calvin On Leviticus 18:5—A General Statement Of The Law That Offers Reward To Those Who Obey
- Calvin On Acts 18: Leaving The Worship Of God To Human Choice Is Absurd
- Calvin On Acts 2:42: God Controls Worship Sola Scriptura
- Calvin On The Rule Of Worship: The Samaritans Were Wrong
- Calvin On The “Rule of Worship” And The “Inventions Of Men”
- Calvin On Acts 2:39: Against The [Ana] Baptists
- Calvin On Acts 20:28
- Calvin On The Substance Of The Covenant Of Works
- Calvin On Deuteronomy 29:29: God’s Word Is Enough
- Calvin On The Distinction Between The Old And New Covenants
- Calvin On The Covenant Of Works
- Calvin On Instruments: Not Given For Us To Imitate
- Calvin On The Danger Of Abusing The Lord’s Table
- Calvin On Freedom From Bondage To The Law
- Calvin On Romans 8:4
- Calvin On Sanctification As An Effect Of Justification
- Calvin On God’s Gracious Acceptance Of Our Works In Christ
- Calvin On The Image Of God In Man
- Calvin Against Images Of Christ
- Calvin On Romans 2:13 In His Institutes
- Calvin On Romans 2:13
- Calvin On Faith, Union With Christ, And Justification
- Calvin On The Proper Practice Of The Lord’s Supper
- Calvin On Paul’s Defense Of The Gospel To Peter
- Calvin On Tasting Of The Powers Of The Age To Come And Falling Away
- Calvin’s Law-Gospel Hermeneutic In Hebrews 6
- Calvin on Monasticism
- Calvin On Instruments: Not Given For Us To Imitate
- Calvin on Lent
- Calvin on “Not Having a Righteousness of My Own”
- Calvin On Osiander
- Calvin On A Mistaken Confidence in Works
- Calvin on the “Sacred,” the “Secular,” and “the Kingdom”
- Calvin on Psalm Singing in Worship
- Calvin On The Twofold Kingdom
- Calvin on Christ’s Active Obedience
- Calvin on “The Real Prosperity Gospel”
- Calvin On Law And Gospel
- Calvin on the Free Offer
- Calvin on the Free Offer Of The Gospel
- Calvin on Standing Before God (Ps 130)
- Calvin on Affliction
- Calvin on Covenant and Election
Podcasts and Lectures
- (Audio) Office Hours With Scott Manetsch On Calvin And Reformed Ministry In Geneva
- (Audio) Office Hours With Mike Horton: Calvin On The Christian Life
- (audio) Office Hours With Sujin Pak On Calvin’s Hermeneutics And More
- (audio) Office Hours: Calvin And Voltaire
- Calvin As Theologian Of Comfort
- Calvin and the Reform of Worship (2009)
Videos
Calvin As Theologian of Comfort
Who Are the Reformers: John Calvin